4 * Copyright (C) 1994-1997, Thomas G. Lane.
5 * This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
6 * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
8 * This file contains a very simple stand-alone application that inserts
9 * user-supplied text as a COM (comment) marker in a JFIF file.
10 * This may be useful as an example of the minimum logic needed to parse
14 #define JPEG_CJPEG_DJPEG /* to get the command-line config symbols */
15 #include "jinclude.h" /* get auto-config symbols, <stdio.h> */
17 #ifndef HAVE_STDLIB_H /* <stdlib.h> should declare malloc() */
18 extern void * malloc ();
20 #include <ctype.h> /* to declare isupper(), tolower() */
22 #include <fcntl.h> /* to declare setmode()'s parameter macros */
23 /* If you have setmode() but not <io.h>, just delete this line: */
24 #include <io.h> /* to declare setmode() */
27 #ifdef USE_CCOMMAND /* command-line reader for Macintosh */
29 #include <SIOUX.h> /* Metrowerks needs this */
30 #include <console.h> /* ... and this */
33 #include <console.h> /* Think declares it here */
37 #ifdef DONT_USE_B_MODE /* define mode parameters for fopen() */
38 #define READ_BINARY "r"
39 #define WRITE_BINARY "w"
41 #ifdef VMS /* VMS is very nonstandard */
42 #define READ_BINARY "rb", "ctx=stm"
43 #define WRITE_BINARY "wb", "ctx=stm"
44 #else /* standard ANSI-compliant case */
45 #define READ_BINARY "rb"
46 #define WRITE_BINARY "wb"
50 #ifndef EXIT_FAILURE /* define exit() codes if not provided */
51 #define EXIT_FAILURE 1
55 #define EXIT_SUCCESS 1 /* VMS is very nonstandard */
57 #define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
61 /* Reduce this value if your malloc() can't allocate blocks up to 64K.
62 * On DOS, compiling in large model is usually a better solution.
65 #ifndef MAX_COM_LENGTH
66 #define MAX_COM_LENGTH 65000L /* must be <= 65533 in any case */
71 * These macros are used to read the input file and write the output file.
72 * To reuse this code in another application, you might need to change these.
75 static FILE * infile; /* input JPEG file */
77 /* Return next input byte, or EOF if no more */
78 #define NEXTBYTE() getc(infile)
80 static FILE * outfile; /* output JPEG file */
82 /* Emit an output byte */
83 #define PUTBYTE(x) putc((x), outfile)
86 /* Error exit handler */
87 #define ERREXIT(msg) (fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg), exit(EXIT_FAILURE))
90 /* Read one byte, testing for EOF */
98 ERREXIT("Premature EOF in JPEG file");
102 /* Read 2 bytes, convert to unsigned int */
103 /* All 2-byte quantities in JPEG markers are MSB first */
111 ERREXIT("Premature EOF in JPEG file");
114 ERREXIT("Premature EOF in JPEG file");
115 return (((unsigned int) c1) << 8) + ((unsigned int) c2);
119 /* Routines to write data to output file */
128 write_2_bytes (unsigned int val)
130 PUTBYTE((val >> 8) & 0xFF);
135 write_marker (int marker)
142 copy_rest_of_file (void)
146 while ((c = NEXTBYTE()) != EOF)
152 * JPEG markers consist of one or more 0xFF bytes, followed by a marker
153 * code byte (which is not an FF). Here are the marker codes of interest
154 * in this program. (See jdmarker.c for a more complete list.)
157 #define M_SOF0 0xC0 /* Start Of Frame N */
158 #define M_SOF1 0xC1 /* N indicates which compression process */
159 #define M_SOF2 0xC2 /* Only SOF0-SOF2 are now in common use */
161 #define M_SOF5 0xC5 /* NB: codes C4 and CC are NOT SOF markers */
170 #define M_SOI 0xD8 /* Start Of Image (beginning of datastream) */
171 #define M_EOI 0xD9 /* End Of Image (end of datastream) */
172 #define M_SOS 0xDA /* Start Of Scan (begins compressed data) */
173 #define M_COM 0xFE /* COMment */
177 * Find the next JPEG marker and return its marker code.
178 * We expect at least one FF byte, possibly more if the compressor used FFs
179 * to pad the file. (Padding FFs will NOT be replicated in the output file.)
180 * There could also be non-FF garbage between markers. The treatment of such
181 * garbage is unspecified; we choose to skip over it but emit a warning msg.
182 * NB: this routine must not be used after seeing SOS marker, since it will
183 * not deal correctly with FF/00 sequences in the compressed image data...
190 int discarded_bytes = 0;
192 /* Find 0xFF byte; count and skip any non-FFs. */
198 /* Get marker code byte, swallowing any duplicate FF bytes. Extra FFs
199 * are legal as pad bytes, so don't count them in discarded_bytes.
205 if (discarded_bytes != 0) {
206 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: garbage data found in JPEG file\n");
214 * Read the initial marker, which should be SOI.
215 * For a JFIF file, the first two bytes of the file should be literally
216 * 0xFF M_SOI. To be more general, we could use next_marker, but if the
217 * input file weren't actually JPEG at all, next_marker might read the whole
218 * file and then return a misleading error message...
228 if (c1 != 0xFF || c2 != M_SOI)
229 ERREXIT("Not a JPEG file");
235 * Most types of marker are followed by a variable-length parameter segment.
236 * This routine skips over the parameters for any marker we don't otherwise
238 * Note that we MUST skip the parameter segment explicitly in order not to
239 * be fooled by 0xFF bytes that might appear within the parameter segment;
240 * such bytes do NOT introduce new markers.
245 /* Copy an unknown or uninteresting variable-length marker */
249 /* Get the marker parameter length count */
250 length = read_2_bytes();
251 write_2_bytes(length);
252 /* Length includes itself, so must be at least 2 */
254 ERREXIT("Erroneous JPEG marker length");
256 /* Skip over the remaining bytes */
258 write_1_byte(read_1_byte());
265 /* Skip over an unknown or uninteresting variable-length marker */
269 /* Get the marker parameter length count */
270 length = read_2_bytes();
271 /* Length includes itself, so must be at least 2 */
273 ERREXIT("Erroneous JPEG marker length");
275 /* Skip over the remaining bytes */
277 (void) read_1_byte();
284 * Parse the marker stream until SOFn or EOI is seen;
285 * copy data to output, but discard COM markers unless keep_COM is true.
289 scan_JPEG_header (int keep_COM)
293 /* Expect SOI at start of file */
294 if (first_marker() != M_SOI)
295 ERREXIT("Expected SOI marker first");
298 /* Scan miscellaneous markers until we reach SOFn. */
300 marker = next_marker();
302 /* Note that marker codes 0xC4, 0xC8, 0xCC are not, and must not be,
303 * treated as SOFn. C4 in particular is actually DHT.
305 case M_SOF0: /* Baseline */
306 case M_SOF1: /* Extended sequential, Huffman */
307 case M_SOF2: /* Progressive, Huffman */
308 case M_SOF3: /* Lossless, Huffman */
309 case M_SOF5: /* Differential sequential, Huffman */
310 case M_SOF6: /* Differential progressive, Huffman */
311 case M_SOF7: /* Differential lossless, Huffman */
312 case M_SOF9: /* Extended sequential, arithmetic */
313 case M_SOF10: /* Progressive, arithmetic */
314 case M_SOF11: /* Lossless, arithmetic */
315 case M_SOF13: /* Differential sequential, arithmetic */
316 case M_SOF14: /* Differential progressive, arithmetic */
317 case M_SOF15: /* Differential lossless, arithmetic */
320 case M_SOS: /* should not see compressed data before SOF */
321 ERREXIT("SOS without prior SOFn");
324 case M_EOI: /* in case it's a tables-only JPEG stream */
327 case M_COM: /* Existing COM: conditionally discard */
329 write_marker(marker);
336 default: /* Anything else just gets copied */
337 write_marker(marker);
338 copy_variable(); /* we assume it has a parameter count... */
345 /* Command line parsing code */
347 static const char * progname; /* program name for error messages */
352 /* complain about bad command line */
354 fprintf(stderr, "wrjpgcom inserts a textual comment in a JPEG file.\n");
355 fprintf(stderr, "You can add to or replace any existing comment(s).\n");
357 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [switches] ", progname);
358 #ifdef TWO_FILE_COMMANDLINE
359 fprintf(stderr, "inputfile outputfile\n");
361 fprintf(stderr, "[inputfile]\n");
364 fprintf(stderr, "Switches (names may be abbreviated):\n");
365 fprintf(stderr, " -replace Delete any existing comments\n");
366 fprintf(stderr, " -comment \"text\" Insert comment with given text\n");
367 fprintf(stderr, " -cfile name Read comment from named file\n");
368 fprintf(stderr, "Notice that you must put quotes around the comment text\n");
369 fprintf(stderr, "when you use -comment.\n");
370 fprintf(stderr, "If you do not give either -comment or -cfile on the command line,\n");
371 fprintf(stderr, "then the comment text is read from standard input.\n");
372 fprintf(stderr, "It can be multiple lines, up to %u characters total.\n",
373 (unsigned int) MAX_COM_LENGTH);
374 #ifndef TWO_FILE_COMMANDLINE
375 fprintf(stderr, "You must specify an input JPEG file name when supplying\n");
376 fprintf(stderr, "comment text from standard input.\n");
384 keymatch (char * arg, const char * keyword, int minchars)
385 /* Case-insensitive matching of (possibly abbreviated) keyword switches. */
386 /* keyword is the constant keyword (must be lower case already), */
387 /* minchars is length of minimum legal abbreviation. */
390 register int nmatched = 0;
392 while ((ca = *arg++) != '\0') {
393 if ((ck = *keyword++) == '\0')
394 return 0; /* arg longer than keyword, no good */
395 if (isupper(ca)) /* force arg to lcase (assume ck is already) */
398 return 0; /* no good */
399 nmatched++; /* count matched characters */
401 /* reached end of argument; fail if it's too short for unique abbrev */
402 if (nmatched < minchars)
413 main (int argc, char **argv)
418 char * comment_arg = NULL;
419 FILE * comment_file = NULL;
420 unsigned int comment_length = 0;
423 /* On Mac, fetch a command line. */
425 argc = ccommand(&argv);
429 if (progname == NULL || progname[0] == 0)
430 progname = "wrjpgcom"; /* in case C library doesn't provide it */
432 /* Parse switches, if any */
433 for (argn = 1; argn < argc; argn++) {
436 break; /* not switch, must be file name */
437 arg++; /* advance over '-' */
438 if (keymatch(arg, "replace", 1)) {
440 } else if (keymatch(arg, "cfile", 2)) {
441 if (++argn >= argc) usage();
442 if ((comment_file = fopen(argv[argn], "r")) == NULL) {
443 fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open %s\n", progname, argv[argn]);
446 } else if (keymatch(arg, "comment", 1)) {
447 if (++argn >= argc) usage();
448 comment_arg = argv[argn];
449 /* If the comment text starts with '"', then we are probably running
450 * under MS-DOG and must parse out the quoted string ourselves. Sigh.
452 if (comment_arg[0] == '"') {
453 comment_arg = (char *) malloc((size_t) MAX_COM_LENGTH);
454 if (comment_arg == NULL)
455 ERREXIT("Insufficient memory");
456 strcpy(comment_arg, argv[argn]+1);
458 comment_length = (unsigned int) strlen(comment_arg);
459 if (comment_length > 0 && comment_arg[comment_length-1] == '"') {
460 comment_arg[comment_length-1] = '\0'; /* zap terminating quote */
464 ERREXIT("Missing ending quote mark");
465 strcat(comment_arg, " ");
466 strcat(comment_arg, argv[argn]);
469 comment_length = (unsigned int) strlen(comment_arg);
474 /* Cannot use both -comment and -cfile. */
475 if (comment_arg != NULL && comment_file != NULL)
477 /* If there is neither -comment nor -cfile, we will read the comment text
478 * from stdin; in this case there MUST be an input JPEG file name.
480 if (comment_arg == NULL && comment_file == NULL && argn >= argc)
483 /* Open the input file. */
485 if ((infile = fopen(argv[argn], READ_BINARY)) == NULL) {
486 fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open %s\n", progname, argv[argn]);
490 /* default input file is stdin */
491 #ifdef USE_SETMODE /* need to hack file mode? */
492 setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY);
494 #ifdef USE_FDOPEN /* need to re-open in binary mode? */
495 if ((infile = fdopen(fileno(stdin), READ_BINARY)) == NULL) {
496 fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open stdin\n", progname);
504 /* Open the output file. */
505 #ifdef TWO_FILE_COMMANDLINE
506 /* Must have explicit output file name */
507 if (argn != argc-2) {
508 fprintf(stderr, "%s: must name one input and one output file\n",
512 if ((outfile = fopen(argv[argn+1], WRITE_BINARY)) == NULL) {
513 fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open %s\n", progname, argv[argn+1]);
517 /* Unix style: expect zero or one file name */
519 fprintf(stderr, "%s: only one input file\n", progname);
522 /* default output file is stdout */
523 #ifdef USE_SETMODE /* need to hack file mode? */
524 setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY);
526 #ifdef USE_FDOPEN /* need to re-open in binary mode? */
527 if ((outfile = fdopen(fileno(stdout), WRITE_BINARY)) == NULL) {
528 fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open stdout\n", progname);
534 #endif /* TWO_FILE_COMMANDLINE */
536 /* Collect comment text from comment_file or stdin, if necessary */
537 if (comment_arg == NULL) {
541 comment_arg = (char *) malloc((size_t) MAX_COM_LENGTH);
542 if (comment_arg == NULL)
543 ERREXIT("Insufficient memory");
545 src_file = (comment_file != NULL ? comment_file : stdin);
546 while ((c = getc(src_file)) != EOF) {
547 if (comment_length >= (unsigned int) MAX_COM_LENGTH) {
548 fprintf(stderr, "Comment text may not exceed %u bytes\n",
549 (unsigned int) MAX_COM_LENGTH);
552 comment_arg[comment_length++] = (char) c;
554 if (comment_file != NULL)
555 fclose(comment_file);
558 /* Copy JPEG headers until SOFn marker;
559 * we will insert the new comment marker just before SOFn.
560 * This (a) causes the new comment to appear after, rather than before,
561 * existing comments; and (b) ensures that comments come after any JFIF
562 * or JFXX markers, as required by the JFIF specification.
564 marker = scan_JPEG_header(keep_COM);
565 /* Insert the new COM marker, but only if nonempty text has been supplied */
566 if (comment_length > 0) {
568 write_2_bytes(comment_length + 2);
569 while (comment_length > 0) {
570 write_1_byte(*comment_arg++);
574 /* Duplicate the remainder of the source file.
575 * Note that any COM markers occuring after SOF will not be touched.
577 write_marker(marker);
582 return 0; /* suppress no-return-value warnings */